# The Unapologetic Mathematician

## The Submodule of Invariants

If $V$ is a module of a Lie algebra $L$, there is one submodule that turns out to be rather interesting: the submodule $V^0$ of vectors $v\in V$ such that $x\cdot v=0$ for all $x\in L$. We call these vectors “invariants” of $L$.

As an illustration of how interesting these are, consider the modules we looked at last time. What are the invariant linear maps $\hom(V,W)^0$ from one module $V$ to another $W$? We consider the action of $x\in L$ on a linear map $f$:

$\displaystyle\left[x\cdot f\right](v)=x\cdot f(V)-f(x\cdot v)=0$

Or, in other words:

$\displaystyle x\cdot f(v)=f(x\cdot v)$

That is, a linear map $f\in\hom(V,W)$ is invariant if and only if it intertwines the actions on $V$ and $W$. That is, $\hom_\mathbb{F}(V,W)^0=hom_L(V,W)$.

Next, consider the bilinear forms on $L$. Here we calculate

\displaystyle\begin{aligned}\left[y\cdot B\right](x,z)&=-B([y,x],z)-B(x,[y,z])\\&=B([x,y],z)-B(x,[y,z])=0\end{aligned}

That is, a bilinear form is invariant if and only if it is associative, in the sense that the Killing form is: $B([x,y],z)=B(x,[y,z])$

September 21, 2012 -

1. Hi John, don’t know whether it’s worth posting here but your blog has been mentioned in the list of mathematics blogs here-> http://www.talkora.com/science/List-of-mathematics-blogs_112 (look for entry #5 in the list)

Comment by Will | January 3, 2013 | Reply

2. Will you be posting anymore for the rest of time?

Cheers,
NS

Comment by notedscholar | April 13, 2013 | Reply

3. Reblogged this on Observer.

Comment by Kamran | July 14, 2013 | Reply