Indefinite Integrals and Convergence II
Unlike our recent results, today’s proposition is specifically stated and proved for integrable simple functions, and won’t be generalized later.
If and
are mean Cauchy sequences of integrable simple functions, then they’re both also Cauchy in measure, which implies that they each converge in measure to some function. If they converge to the same function (a.e.)
, then their indefinite integrals converge to the same limiting set function. That is, if
and
are the indefinite integrals of
and
:
then we can define the limiting functions
and we assert that for all measurable
.
For every and positive integer
we define the set
And using our usual technique we find
Since and
both converge in measure to
, the measures of both terms here go to zero as
gets large, and so
.
If is a measurable set with
, we have the inequality
Here, the first term on the right is bounded above by . The other two terms can be made arbitrarily small by choosing a large enough
, by the uniform absolute continuity we showed yesterday. We can also see that
and so it follows that , and thus that
for every measurable set
with finite measure. Since
and
are countably additive, we immediately extend this result to all
-finite sets
.
Okay, now here’s where our assumption really comes in: since each of the and
is an integrable simple function, each one takes a nonzero value on a finite number of sets, each of which has a finite measure. Thus we can take the union
of all these (countably many) sets, which is a
-finite set. For any measurable set
, then, we have
because all the functions and
are identically zero off of
.
Therefore we conclude that . This, then, implies that
and
, and each of these sets is then
-finite (as subsets of
). And so the proof is complete.